Trafficking of Youth with DisabilitiesWhat Providers Serving At-Risk Youth Need to Know Presented by Director, IOFA rdinator, IOFA Jody Haski n, MA, Program Jae Jin Pak, Self Advocate, Pro ject Coo international Organization for Adolescents (IOFA) logo Meet the Presenters Jae Jin Pak, portrait, smiling Jae Jin Pak Project Coordinator International Organization for Adolescents (IOFA) Jody Haskin, portrait, smiling Jody Haskin Program Director International Organizationfor Adolescents (IOFA) The Trafficking of Youth with Disabilities Outreach & Education Project ►International Organization for Adolescents (IOFA) ►National Human Trafficking & Disabilities Working Group (NHTDWG) IOFA logo National Resource Center for Reaching Victims Logo National Human Trafficking and Disabilities Working Group Logo This project was produced by the International Association for Adolescents under award #2016- XV-GX-K015, awarded by the Office for Victims o f Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this project are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the official positions or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Learning Objectives Participants will gain an understanding of: ►The role of a provider serving youth with disabilities in addressinghuman trafficking ►Sex and l abor trafficking ►Ways to identify and support potential or confirmed youth survivors ofhuman trafficking with disabilities ►The intersection between human trafficking and d isability Why do providers serving at-risk youth need to learn about youth with disabilities and human trafficking? Two white teenagers smiling and enjoying the flowers together. Youth, Children, & Minors White male pushing a black male in a wheelchair and One white woman supporting a white, female teenager to use the computer The Reality Children with disabilities are at least three times more likely to be abused or neglected than their peers without disabilities1 A white, female child sitting at a table, smiling at the camera in front of a window 1Lund, E. M., & Vaughn-Jensen, J. (2012). Victimisation of children with disabilities. The Lancet, (380)9845, 867-869. What Do You Know About Youth Trafficking? True or False? Please reply to the following statement as True or False: STATEMENT 1 Human trafficking only takes place in large cities or in other countries ANSWER: FALSE -Human trafficking takes place all around the world, including throughout the United States, in cities, suburbs, and rural areas What Do You Know About Youth Traff icking? Part 2 True or False? Please reply to the following statement as True or False: STATEMENT 2 In order to be considered trafficking, a person must be moved across a city, state, or country border. ANSWER: FALSE – Human trafficking does not require any movement What Do You Know About Youth Traff icking? Part 3 True or False? Please reply to the following statement as True or False: STATEMENT 3 Most youth who experience trafficking were initially kidnapped by their trafficker. ANSWER: FALSE – Physically taking someone rarely happens in a trafficking situation. What Do You Know About Youth Traff Part 4 True or False? Please reply to the following statement as True or False: STATEMENT 4 Youth under the age of 18 who trade sex acts for something of value are considered victims of crime. ANSWER: TRUE – The crime of sex trafficking includes youth under the age of 18 who trade sex acts for something of value. These youth are a victim of a crime. What is human trafficking? a man's hand holding hundred dollar bills, and a woman working in a field. Definition of Human Trafficking Federal Law: Trafficking Vict ims Protecti on Act o f 2000 (A)Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced byforce, fraud, or coercion, or in which the p erson induced to perform the purpose of subjection to involuntaryservitude, peonage, debt form suchact has not attained 18 years of age; or (B)The recrui tment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the u se o f force, fraud, or coercion bondage, or slavery Elements of Human Trafficking Graphic: Process, to means, to end Process Means End How do we define disability? The ADA i s t he legal way to defi ne disability. ►Physical or menta l impairment that substantially limits one or more ma jor life activity ►Record o f impairment ►Is regarded a s having a n im pairment How do we define disability? The social model of disability This is NOT the considers the role our attitudes only way to define disability. and inaccessibility have on functional differences.1 1Thomas, P., Gradwell, L., & Markham, N. (n.d.). Defini ng impairment withinthe social model of disability. Medical Model of Disability Physical & Mobility ●Movement is functionally limited ●May use a mobility device (canewheelchair, walker) ●Examples: amputation, paralysis Medical Model of Disability (2) Sensory Impairment ●One or m ore senses arefunctionally limited ●May use an a daptive device(glasses, hearing a id) ●Examples: blindness, Deaf Medical Model of Disability (3) Developmental & Intellectual ●Physicality, learning, behavior, or communication may be functionally limited ●Needs will vary ●Examples: cerebral palsy, Autism Medical Model of Disability Mental & Emotional ●Functional limitations vary ●Needs will vary according t o impairments ●Examples: mood, eating, personality, or behavioraldisorders Why are youth at risk for trafficking of sex and labor? An Asian, female teenager using a laptop with her headphones on All youth can be tar geted by tr affi ckers Why? ►Access to internet ►Desire to connect ►Feeling misunderstood ►Family conflict ►Crave independence ►Risk-taking behaviors ►Lack experience An Asian, female teenager using a laptop with her headphones on While all y outh may be targeted by traffickers… some groups a re at much higher risk What traits indicate ►Foster care/group higher risk? homes ►Undocumented►Justice system/multiple ►Runaway & placement shomeless History of abuse & ►Youth with ► neglect disabilities ►Young people of►LGBTQ+ youth color A Black, male teenager looking down while standing by a fence Why are youth with disabilities at higher risk for trafficking? Graphic with three squares, two are blank, and one says, "Able-bodied = Authority" Able-bodied = Authority Why are youth with disabilities at higher risk for trafficking? Graphic with three squares, two are blank, and one says, "Social Powerlessness & Isolation" Why are youth with disabilities at higher risk for tra Graphic with three squares, two are blank, and one says, "Myths & Stereotypes" Trafficking? Myths & Stereotypes Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Personal Safety Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Online Safety Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Healthy Relationships Human Trafficking Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Legal Rights Risk Factor: Gaps in Education Value of Labor Risk Factor: Supports Graphic: Communication, Assistive/Mobility Devices, and Personal Care Communication Assistive/Mobility Devices Personal Care Risk Factor: Supports Educational, Housing, and Benefits Educational Housing Benefits Traffickers Can Be Anyone A trafficker might be: ►Any gender or sex ►Any race or religion ►Any economic background ►Family members ►Religious leaders ►Authority figures ►Someone the youth knows and trusts Traffickers Can Be Anyone Case Example: InterfamilialTrafficking Two photos of the same middle-aged white woman: One photo shows the woman facing rhe camera, not smiling, and the other photo shows a side profile of the same woman, Recruitment of Youth with Disabilities Traffickers recruit victims: ►Online ►Social Security offices ►Malls►Group homes/foster care ►Schools►After school/youth programs Grooming and Control of Youth with Disabilities Grooming involves: ►Identifying youth ►Building rapport ►Gaining information ►Filling a need Control involves: ►Social Isolation ►Physical Isolation ►Physical Harm ►Coercion ►Threats Grooming of Youth with Disabilities Case Example: Youth Programs Three profiles of older, white males not smiling and facing the camera Considering the Factors – What did you find? Case Example – “Youth Programs” Grooming Elements: •Identify group home•Identify struggling young men and befriend them•Provide friendship and drugs Control Elements: •Provide drugs•Threaten police involvement•Force into debt bondage•Withhold drugs Maintaining Control in Youth with Disabilities One perxon supporting a teenager who uses a wheelchair to the couch Youth Labor Trafficking: Putting it All Together Case: Administrators Process is recruitment, Means is fraud, and End is labor Means Fraud Labor Process Recruitment End Role o f the Provider Graphic: Awareness, Identification, Follow Protocol /Report, Support and Referral Awareness Identification Support & Referral Follow Protocol/Report Service Provider Role: Prevention ►Educate youth with disabilities on: ►Personal and online safety ►Healthy relationships ►Human Trafficking ►Legal rights ►Value of t heir labor ►Share c ommunity resources an apple, pencits, and books stacked on a wooden table Disability Provider Rol e: Identification ►Understand risk factors ►Look for red flags ►Disclose to t he youth that you are a m andated reporter Human trafficking too often goes undetected! Red Flags of Human Trafficking in Youth Red flags can be: ►Behavioral ►Physical ►Situational IMPORTANT: What do you know about them already? And has something changed? Red Flags of Human Trafficking in Youth Behavioral ►frequently missing s chool ►Reduced o r changed communication ►Fear, exhaustion, or depression ►Sudden in ability to perform tasks Red Flags of Human Trafficking in Youth Situational ►Much o lder boyfriend/girlfriend ►Does not discuss work ►Has new possessions or items of value that you may question Red Flags of Human Trafficking in Youth Physical ►Unexplained injuries ►Untreated injuries ►Injuries related to exposure ►Frequent pregnancies/STIs/UTIs Disability Provider Role: Follow Protocol ►Safety is first priority ►Explai n mandated reporting ►Interpreters and supports ready before you need them ►Provide choice and autonomy ►Trauma-informed language and take your time Contact the National Human Trafficking Hotlinefor f urther guidance. At-Risk Youth Provider Role: Support & Referral Know who to call in your community. A group of people posing for a photo Supporting Youth with Disabilities ► Ask to help. Wait for acceptance. Follow instructions ►Respect a person’s equipment ►Accepting a nd welcoming tone ►Staff trainings ►Connect with community supports ►Acquire assistive technology ►Put myths and perceptions aside Community Supports: Centers for Independent Living A family looking at an iPad together, smiling Find your local Center for Independent Living Community Supports: Protection & Advocacy Centers A photo of a gavel on a wooden table with a golden scales of justice in the background More information, about Protection & Advocacy Centers Community Supports: Regional ADA Centers A map of the United States, broken up in 10 different regions in which the ADA centers are split up More information about the Regional ADA Centers Community Supports: Vocational Rehabilitation To f ind your state’s V R program, simply use any search engine and type: “your state” + “vocational rehabilitation program” An older, white male in noise-cancelling headphones and goggles talking to a younger, white male also in goggles and noise-cancelling headphones. Community Supports: Advocacy Programs Sibling Leadership Network ►Provide sib lings of individual s with disabilities information, support, & tools ►Famil y resources Community Supports: Advocacy Programs ARC of U.S. and State Chapters ►Services, classes, & support for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities ►Research/resources Community Supports: Advocacy Programs Self Advocates Being Empowered (SABE) ►Advocacy services for people with all different types of disabilities ►Promotes self-advocacy Anti-Trafficking Resources National Human Trafficking Hotline Call: 1-888-373-7888 TTY: 711 Text: HELP to 233733 (Befree) Web: humantraffickinghotline.org Toll-free Confidential 24/7 Interpreters Available Resources for Healthcare Professionals HEAL Network ►Email healtraffickingnow@gmail.com Human Trafficking Resources Nationwide Freedom Network USA •Call: 202-504-9602 •Email: info@freedomnetworkusa.org Resources and Trainings on Persons with Disabilities who Have Experienced Trafficking National Human Trafficking and Disabilities Working Group • Email: nhtdwg@iofa.org IOFA logo We are here to help! Graphic: If you need assistance with Identifying Trafficking, Resources, Training, and Technical Assitstance, contact IOFA at info@iofa.org Graphic: If you need assistance with Identifying Trafficking, Resources, Training, and Technical Assitstance, contact IOFA at info@iofa.org Identifying Human Trafficking info@iofa.org Contact info@iofa.org Thank you to our partners “The Trafficking of Youth with Disabilities Outreach & Education Project” This project was produced by the International Association for Adolescents under award #2016- XV-GX-K015, awarded by the Office for Victims o f Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this project are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the official positions or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.